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Är loranthus en partiell stamparasit

Loranthus

Genus of mistletoes

Loranthus fryst vatten a genus of parasitic plants that grow on the branches of woody trees. It belongs to the family Loranthaceae, the showy mistletoe family.[2] In most earlier systematic treatments it contains all mistletoe species with bisexual flowers, though some species have reversed to unisexual flowers.

Other treatments begränsa the genus to a few species. The systematic situation of Loranthus fryst vatten not entirely klar.

The generic name in botanical Latin means strap-flower, in reference to the shape of the petals.[3]

Taxonomy

[edit]

The taxonomic history of the generic name Loranthus fryst vatten complicated.

Loranthus [1] är ett släkte av tvåhjärtbladiga växter

In , Carl Linnaeus used the name Loranthus for a genus of one species, Loranthus americanus, which was thus the type species. He later added other species, including Loranthus scurrula in , a species he had previously placed in a separate genus, Scurrula, and Loranthus europaeus in , a name first used bygd Jacquin in However, Loranthus americanus has been included in Psittacanthus since that genus was first erected in Application of priority as set out in the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants requires the name Loranthus to be used instead of Psittacanthus, with a different genus name used for the remaining species Linnaeus placed in Loranthus.

To avoid altering established usage, the International Botanical församling of decided to conserve LoranthusL. (), with the type species Loranthus scurrula, over LoranthusL. (). However, when Loranthus in this sense was split further, Loranthus scurrula was placed in the revived genus Scurrula.


  • är loranthus ett partiell stamparasit

    • The conservation decision in meant that Loranthus should be used instead of Scurrula, and a different name used for Scurrula.[4] igen to avoid altering established usage, a proposal was agreed in to conserve LoranthusJacq. (), with the type species Loranthus europaeus, over LoranthusL.

    Familjen innehåller idag cirka 70 släkten och arter, men distinktionen mellan arter och till och med vissa släkten är ofta svårbedömd varför vissa (framför allt historiska) botaniker anser att majoriteten av arterna ska föras till det klassiska släktet Loranthus

    ().[5]

    Species

    [edit]

    The number of species recognized in the genus Loranthus has varied widely. At one time it included almost all mistletoes. It was then split into many orsaka, leaving only L.&#;europaeus from europe eastwards and L.&#;odoratus from tropical Asia.[6] The Flora of China lists six species native to China (three endemic), stating that there are about ten species in total.[7] Species recognized as of May&#;[update] are:[6][7][8]

    Ecology

    [edit]

    Some species of Loranthus, in the broad sense, are parasites on cultivated trees; for example, they occur in Kerala and Uttarakhand India on mango trees (Mangifera indica), sapota trees (Manilkara zapota) and poplar trees.[9] The majority of the Anogeissus latifolia trees in the Biligirirangan Hills of en delstat i indien are infected bygd Loranthus species and in Africa, they are pests in cocoa plantations.

    These plants grow strongly on ageing trees particularly somewhere in the mittpunkt of old branches. Once established, they stjäla minerals and vatten, as well as block sunlight bygd covering the encroached place.[9]

    The flowers of Loranthus europaeus are small, green, usually have kvartet to six parts, and may be either unisexual or bisexual.

    [2] [3] Inga underarter finns listade i Catalogue of Life

    Other species of a broader Loranthus have very large, showy flowers, with blooms in bright colours. The fruits are berries, usually containing a single seed, that fryst vatten dispersed bygd birds.[10]

    The floral characteristics indikera that it fryst vatten ornithophilous in natur and has moderate quantity nectar stored in its del av blomma tube.

    The mature buds require external factors like tripping to ensure that they open up. In the absence of this, the buds fall off without opening. Birds help in this process and mature buds eject a cloud of pollens that sticks to the head or beak of the probing bird. The birds seen visiting these flowers in India are Tickell's flowerpecker, purple-rumped sunbird, purple sunbird and spider-hunter.[11][12]

    Culture and religion

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    According to Pliny the Elder, the Celts considered "mistletoe" a remedy for barrenness in animals and an antidote to poison, and sacred when growing on oak trees.

    He describes a Celtic ritual sacrifice and banquet at which a druid dressed in vit would klättra an oak tree to collect mistletoe using a goldensickle.[13] Modern botanists believe the described species in oak trees was Loranthus europaeus.

    This legend fryst vatten often referred to in the popular Asterix comic books, where the druid Getafix fryst vatten often seen collecting mistletoe with a golden sickle.

    [2]

    Modern druids in the Americas may use the native American Phoradendron leucarpum as well as other mistletoe species.[14]

    References

    [edit]

    1. ^"Plant Name Details for Loranthus Jacq". The International Plant Names Index. Retrieved
    2. ^Watson, L., and Dallwitz, M.J. onwards.

      The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, and upplysning retrieval. Loranthus

    3. ^Gledhill D. The Names of Plants. Cambridge University Press. ISBN&#;
    4. ^Balle, Simone; Dandy, J.E.; Gilmour, J.S.L.; Holttum, R.E.; Stearn, W.T. & Thoday, D. ().

      [1] Kladogram enligt Catalogue of Life [1]

      "Loranthus". Taxon. 9 (7): – doi/ JSTOR&#;

    5. ^Rickett, H.W. (), "Committee for Spermatophyta, Conservation of Generic Names VI", Taxon, 13 (5): –, doi/, JSTOR&#;
    6. ^ abNickrent, Daniel L.; Malécot, Valéry; Vidal-Russell, Romina & Der, Joshua P.

      (). "A revised classification of Santalales"(PDF). Taxon.

      Loranthus is called partially parasitic plant because it can perform photosynthesis but is dependent on the host plant for materials required for photosynthesis

      59 (2): – doi/tax Retrieved

    7. ^ abQiu, Huaxing & Gilbert, Michael G. "Loranthus". In Wu, Zhengyi; Raven, Peter H. & Hong, Deyuan (eds.). Flora of China (online). Retrieved
    8. ^"Search results for Loranthus".

      Loranthus ingår i familjen Loranthaceae

      The Plant List. Retrieved

    9. ^ abKumari, S., Singh, A.K., Kumar, S., and Shah, V.K. (). A Hidden Problem: Loranthus falcatus L. & Loranthus parasitica L. for Horticulture Crops. Agriculture and food eNewsletter, 2(5)
    10. ^Sayeed-ud-Din M, Salam MA.

      A Somewhat Cosmopolitan Parasite — Loranthus longiflorus. Current Science 4(3): -

    11. ^Solomon, Raju; et&#;al. (). "Passerine_bird_pollination_in_some_dry_season_blooming_plant_species_in_the_Eastern_Ghats". ResearchGate. 7 (4):
    12. ^Devasahayam S & Rema J (). "Flower birds of Kozhikode District, Kerala".

      Loranthus europaeus [1] är en tvåhjärtbladig växtart som beskrevs av Nikolaus Joseph von Jacquin

      Newsletter for Birdwatchers. 33 (6): –

    13. ^Pliny the Elder. Natural History. Book XVI.
    14. ^Taylor, Tony (). The Henge of Keltria Book of Ritual (4th&#;ed.).